Saturday, January 25, 2020

Unrealistic Expectations of Women :: Media

Unrealistic Expectations of Women I can’t tell you how many times I have opened up a fashion magazine, listened to adds on the radio, watched commercials on TV, or observed the stereotyping in today’s extremely judgmental society and seen the effects that our expectations have had on people, especially young women. There are so many instances throughout the course of everyday life, that I feel expected to live vicariously through the body of a Victoria’s Secret model. I can only wonder how many others feel this way as well. I was recently leafing through the pages of the 2002 Sport’s Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, and within a matter of five minutes, I was majorly downing my body and my looks. I couldn’t help but compare my body to that of a woman who is 5’10† and weighs 105 pounds, when the average female is 5’6† and weighs 140 pounds. It’s no wonder there are so many cases of anorexia and bulimia when a model, comparable to the stick figures drawn by kindergartener's everywhere, is yet another symbol of what is considered to be beautiful. Another article that caught my eye was in an old Cosmopolitan magazine I just had lying around. It was entitled, â€Å"Five Fixes That’ll Make Him Want You.† Now, my initial reaction was one of frustration. Why is there so much pressure to make the opposite sex want you. It’s a dreaded curse that is utterly inescapable. We will always be trying to impress the opposite sex. There is always going to be something about us that isn’t quite right, or one flaw that if we could just in some way fix, we’d be perfect. Girls, let me ask you something. Do you think those models are happy? They are constantly under an enormous amount of pressure to keep the body they have, to not eat, and to be absolutely flawless.

Thursday, January 16, 2020

How effectively did Philip II manage his finances? Essay

The fiscal statistics of Philip’s reign would overwhelmingly conclude that he completely failed to effectively manage his finance. His inherited debts had increased threefold during his reign, and subsequently, the Crown declared bankruptcy no less than three times. In contrast to this view, it can be argued that Philip was effective as far as he was able. His failure was not due to incompetence for certainly, he made attempts to rectify the situation, but instead due to the numerous impossibilities that surrounded the Royal Finance. Philip’s ineffective approach to handling Finance is largely summed up by saying that as ruler of the Monarquia, he was never able to match his income to his extortionate expenditure. This costly policy was due to the amount of money funding war. Travelling costs, continuous updating of armaments and wages of soldiers consumed the vast bulk of Philip’s finance. Even this failed at times, as seen by the revolt of the unpaid soldiers in the Netherlands. Philip’s empire was so extensive that he was called upon to go to war in the interests of many different nations. His wars were not all territorial, such as the defence of Italian lands, his own dynastic interests in France and England had to be defended, as did the Catholic religion against the Turks. Philip was also drawn into costly civil wars. As a result, Royal money was frequently spent all over the Monarquia, and often on places that were not raising the money. This again reflects Philips bad management of finance whereupon countries could not be relied upon to be self-sufficient or contribute to wars fought on behalf of the entire Monarquia. The result of this was that Castile bore the brunt of the effort to fund the Monarquia. This was an unreasonable burden, as Castile possessed neither the wealth, the manpower or the economic strength demanded off it. This policy of Philip further proves his ill-managed Royal finances. Such heavy taxation on one part of the Monarquia alone sent Castile into steady decline. Instead of being a successfully self-supported land, Castile began to heavily depend on outside imports, increasing the risk of further inflation, a threat that remained since its onset early in Philips reign throughout his inherited lands. Philips highly infective management is reinforced by his failure to lift out of debt despite increased revenue. Bullion from the wealthy Americas boosted the wealth of Castile, as did the revenue from the Indies. Philip also increased finance through taxation, which backfired, and through borrowing money. Philip was forced into negotiating complicated loans with moneylenders that would allow him to continue paying back old debts while receiving fresh ones. However, even this was not enough to keep Philip from greatly failing financially, and declaring bankruptcy in 1557, 1575 and finally in 1596. The 36 million Ducat debts that he inherited became à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½68 million Ducats by the end of his reign. The diabolical state of finance was not helped by the grandiose lifestyle of the King, who maintained the mentality of the ever-important prestige display. Moreover, Philip failed to be interested in Fiscal matters, and appeared to launch plans without taking the care to cost them throu gh. Philip seemed to have greatly failed to be efficient on handling Royal finances. However, another view could argue that Philip made the best of a bad situation. For example, he managed to re-stabilise finance after the bankruptcies. Philip was initially dealt a bad hand by inheriting both a great debt and an extended empire from his father. This would entail a need for further finance, and Philip was immediately faced to raise this form a minus figure. Moreover, the increased lands now labelled as Philip’s Monarquia, would involve extended foreign war involvement, and in turn, war expenditure. The need to go to war in the interests of his inherited lands was forced upon the new ruler. War came with the territory, and the territory came with the inheritance. Philip had no choice in defending both his territories and his religion so the increased expenditure that resulted in bankruptcy was arguably inevitable and out of Philips control. Moreover, it is important to remember that the first declaration of bankruptcy was a further inheritance of Philip from his father, Charles I. Philip was faced with more difficulties from the outset of his reign. Inflation was taking hold in many countries across Europe, forcing Philip to find increasing amounts of money to fund both the running of government and also war expenditure. Moreover, territories such as the Netherlands that has previously provided great income for Charles, became a drain on finances. The Netherlands then, revolted against Philip and instead of contributing to the Royal finance, Philip was forced to spend increasing amounts combating the rebels. It is also clear that Philip attempted to address the problem of unstable finances. The reorganisation of the departments of Finance was undertaken in order to increase efficiency. Philip was also effective in increasing revenue during his reign, albeit mostly in Castile. New taxes were introduced and old ones modified so that the wars of Spain could be funded. The ‘alacabala’ for instance, tripled in it yield by the end of Philips reign. Custom duties were effectively reorganised so that they were received directly by the Crown instead of the old method whereby tax farmers would retain a hefty proportion of the money collected. The ‘cruzda’ was introduced by the church to fund the wars against the Turks, and this too was effective by doubling its yield. Another new tax was effectively introduced to tax church property, furthering Philips income. The ‘subsido’ an existing tax was equally successful in increasing its revenue. Evidence of Philips effective policies involving finance are reflected in the decrease of household expenditure during his reign. This shows that Philip has recognised the responsibility he had to improve the state of Royal finance. This could be considered impressive due to the mentality that Philip, and other Kings of this period, were fixed in. This was the age in which religion and national prestige far outweighed the necessity to deal with Finance. It can convincingly be argued then, that Philip was a highly overworked King who made the best of a bad situation. He attempted, with limited personal time and resources, to manage the situation, and did so with reasonable success. Certainly he was effective in the matters which he did change, such as taxation. It can be said that financial failure was inevitable and that is was impossible for Philip to effectively succeed in regaining control of royal finance. I support this view as a far more realistic and pragmatic one than the opposing view which argues that Philip failed to deal with the underlying problems of Royal Finance. Instead he ignored opportunities to effectively reform finance so that bankruptcy was caused several times, indicated ultimately his failure to manage finance.

Wednesday, January 8, 2020

Analysis Of Falling And Out Of Love Essay - 1915 Words

57. What is Explanation for ‘Falling in /out of Love’? †¢ TRUE LOVE Is The Intellectualized Feeling. That is Correct Cosmological Definition of Love. True or Universal Love foundation presence in Consciousness REQUIRES both the highest degree of such Balance attained, and the highest degree of Harmony between Intelligence Feelings. If that is achieved then all preconditions for Manifestation of Universal Love are in place. In each and every terrestrial human there is certain, mostly ‘low’ level of Balance between Intelligence and Feeling. †¢ Falling in /out of love is a mental process based on strictly ‘one pole’ status, and on the automatic function of procreation. It is ‘artificially’ released process of attraction. NO WILL IS INVOLVED! A Large portion of emotional life is converted into ‘sex-urge’ known under term ‘Falling in Love’ with sub-aspects as eroticism mating. A Clear example of an ‘unintellectualized feeling’ or ‘falling in love’ is uncontrolled, ‘red hot’ expression of ‘affection’ for hardly known or completely unknown individual of opposite pole domination, which in favorable terms intensely subconsciously stimulates ‘procreation –provider’ aspect. That ‘stimulator’ could be nearby or thousand miles away, could be just an ‘untouchable’ image on the TV or mobile screen, which prolongs the longing because of unattainability, but an ‘imageâ€℠¢ always with projected ‘associated’ superb features. †¢ ‘Falling in love’ covers ‘aspects’ such as â€Å"marriage, family life,Show MoreRelatedLiterary Analysis Of Sonnet 127-152766 Words   |  4 Pages Sarena Pacheco English IV Dual Mr. Lechuga 17 November, 2017 Literary Analysis Sonnets 127-152 by William Shakespeare explores the imagery of falling in love and how the cause of that can have painful emotional and physical consequences. 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